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Class 11 Physics Formula Sheet
The Class 11 physics formulas that carry the most marks, grouped the way they are taught. Class 11 mechanics reappears in every entrance paper, so this sheet stays useful for two more years.
34 formulas across 6 sections.
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Kinematics
| What | Formula | Symbols |
|---|---|---|
| First equation | v = u + at | u initial velocity, v final velocity, a acceleration, t time |
| Second equation | s = ut + ½at² | s displacement; valid only for uniform acceleration |
| Third equation | v² = u² + 2as | use when time is not given |
| Distance in nth second | sₙ = u + (a/2)(2n − 1) | displacement during the nth second alone |
| Projectile: time of flight | T = 2u sinθ / g | θ angle of projection |
| Projectile: maximum height | H = u² sin²θ / 2g | at the top the vertical velocity is zero |
| Projectile: range | R = u² sin2θ / g | maximum when θ = 45° |
Laws of motion
| What | Formula | Symbols |
|---|---|---|
| Newton's second law | F = ma = dp/dt | p momentum = mv |
| Impulse | J = FΔt = Δp | impulse equals change of momentum |
| Friction | f = μN | μ coefficient of friction, N normal reaction |
| Centripetal force | F = mv²/r = mω²r | directed towards the centre |
| Banking of roads | tanθ = v²/rg | ideal speed needs no friction |
Work, energy and power
| What | Formula | Symbols |
|---|---|---|
| Work | W = F s cosθ | θ angle between force and displacement |
| Kinetic energy | KE = ½mv² | always positive |
| Potential energy | PE = mgh | near the Earth's surface |
| Work–energy theorem | W = ΔKE | net work equals change in kinetic energy |
| Power | P = W/t = F·v | watt = joule per second |
| Spring potential energy | U = ½kx² | k spring constant, x extension |
Rotational motion
| What | Formula | Symbols |
|---|---|---|
| Torque | τ = r × F = Iα | I moment of inertia, α angular acceleration |
| Angular momentum | L = Iω | conserved when net external torque is zero |
| Rotational KE | KE = ½Iω² | adds to translational KE for a rolling body |
| Solid sphere | I = ⅖MR² | about a diameter |
| Solid cylinder / disc | I = ½MR² | about the central axis |
| Thin ring | I = MR² | all mass at radius R |
| Rod about centre | I = ML²/12 | about a perpendicular axis through the centre |
Gravitation
| What | Formula | Symbols |
|---|---|---|
| Newton's law | F = Gm₁m₂/r² | G = 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻² |
| Acceleration due to gravity | g = GM/R² | M mass of Earth, R radius |
| Orbital velocity | v = √(GM/r) | for a circular orbit of radius r |
| Escape velocity | vₑ = √(2GM/R) ≈ 11.2 km/s | independent of the mass of the escaping body |
Thermodynamics and waves
| What | Formula | Symbols |
|---|---|---|
| First law | ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW | heat supplied = internal energy change + work done |
| Ideal gas equation | PV = nRT | R = 8.314 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ |
| Wave relation | v = fλ | v speed, f frequency, λ wavelength |
| Simple pendulum | T = 2π√(l/g) | independent of the mass of the bob |
| Spring–mass system | T = 2π√(m/k) | k spring constant |
Taught by Darshit Bhatt, founder and lead faculty at Darshit Sir Institute. Instrumentation and Control engineer, with a master's degree and a chartered degree, teaching in Paldi, Ahmedabad since 2006.
Chapter by chapter
Every chapter on its own page.
Units and Measurements
Units and measurements is the chapter that decides whether the rest of your physics answers score. It is the smallest ch...
Open 18 formulasKinematics
Kinematics describes motion without asking what caused it. The three equations of motion and the projectile results here...
Open 21 formulasLaws of Motion and Friction
Laws of motion turns a described situation into an equation. Almost every mark in this chapter comes from one skill: dra...
Open 17 formulasWork, Energy and Power
Work, energy and power gives you a second way to solve mechanics problems, and it is usually the shorter one. When a que...
Open 20 formulasRotational Motion
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Open 18 formulasGravitation
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Open 12 formulasMechanical Properties of Solids
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Open 20 formulasMechanical Properties of Fluids
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Open 16 formulasThermal Properties of Matter
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Open 15 formulasThermodynamics
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Open 12 formulasKinetic Theory of Gases
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Open 15 formulasOscillations
Simple harmonic motion is one equation wearing many costumes: a spring, a pendulum, a floating block, a vibrating column...
Open 17 formulasWaves
Waves carries the most formulas of any Class 11 physics chapter, and the most marks. Sound, strings, pipes, beats and Do...
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